Isolation of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene
•Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) are the
compounds have boiling points 80.1oC, 110.6oC,
144oC
(at atm pressure)
respectively.
•The mixture of these
components recovered from coke gas in benzol
section of
a coal chemical process plant.
•Extractive
distillation technology provides effective separation of these compounds in
pure liquid form.
•Initially xylene is separated from
the mixture by distillation than the left out benzene and toluene mixture is
subjected to extractive distillation.
•Solvent called N-formylmoropholine (NFM) act as the azeotrope breaker to separate
benzene and toluene.
•The process requires
the following distillation and separation unit operation.
ØPressure distillation
ØExtractive
distillation
ØSolvent recovery
column
ØAromatic stripper
ØBT separation column
ØXylene solvent column
Azeotropes are a mixture of at least two
different liquids. Their mixture can either have a higher boiling point than
either of the components or they can have a lower boiling point.
Pressure distillation:
•The BTX solvents
mixtures is pumped to the feed surge drum and from it, the mixture continuously
pumped to pressure distillation column through four heat exchangers.
• General distillation
column used in most industries designed with 50 bubble cap trays is sufficient
to perform the distillation operation.
•At its 25th trays feed in injected and utilized as feed tray, its
operating pressure maintained at 15 kg/cm2. These conditions
may vary based on the regular optimization experiments.
•Hot oil is used as
heating medium to the column re-boiler and passes through its shell side. The
benzene-toluene (BT) vapors from the top of the column are collected in reflux
drum before which they are condensed. Benzene-Toluene fraction continuously accumulated
in the reflux drum. Some of it is used as reflux to the column and remaining
fraction is passed to pre-heater.
BUBBLE CAP TRAYS
A bubble cap tray has
riser or chimney fitted over each hole, and a cap that covers the riser. The
cap is mounted so that there is a space between riser and cap to allow the
passage of vapour. Vapour rises through the
chimney and is directed downward by the cap, finally discharging through slots
in the cap, and finally bubbling through the liquid on the tray.
Extractive distillation column:
•The BT excess is
pumped from vessel via heat exchangers and fed to extractive
distillation column. The engineering model separation column has 60 trays and
feed is introduced at the middle of the column. For extraction, the solvent N-formylmoropholine (NFM) is introduced
on to the top tray of the extractive distillation column with flow ratio of 56
kg NFM per kg of feed at 92оC. The solvent NFM
temperature directly effects the separation of aromatics from non-aromatics.
•Extractive
distillation column makes it possible to separate non-aromatics contained in
the feed, which is not possible under normal distillation conditions. The
solvent changes the boiling points of non-aromatics from higher to lower and
makes it easy to withdrawn at the top of the extractive distillation column.
Aromatics dissolve in the NFM solvent and removed from the bottom of the
extractive distillation column.